Report of a Primary Testicular Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Abstract

Primary testicular rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare pediatric genitourinary tumor with few cases reported in the literature. The clinical presentation is identical to that of other common testicular neoplasms. Diagnosis entails careful microscopic examination and immunohistochemical analysis to rule out other primary testicular malignancies. Treatment consists of radical orchiectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with possible retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. This multimodal approach is required to improve survival outcomes and reduce disease recurrence. We present the case of a primary testicular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a 19-year-old male who presented with a rapidly, enlarging, painless testicular mass. He was treated with radical orchiectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Once found with metastatic disease, he then received salvage chemotherapy and radiotherapy without success.