Keywords
self-efficacy
resilience
anxiety
depression
COVID-19
older adults
resilience
anxiety
depression
COVID-19
older adults
How to Cite
Pérez-Jiménez, D., Maldonado-Martínez, J. A., & Jiménez-Torres, A. L. (2024). Resilience, Self-Efficacy, and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Older Adults during COVID-19 Confinement. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 43(1), 32–38. Retrieved from https://prhsj.rcm.upr.edu/index.php/prhsj/article/view/3023
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the relationship between resilience, self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression to test whether self-efficacy affected anxiety and depression and compared how the participants in different age groups experienced anxiety, as well as the differences in anxiety between employed and unemployed participants. Method: A cross sectional web-based survey study that included adults aged 60 years or older living in Puerto Rico was performed during April and May 2020. Results: A total of 299 older adults completed the online questionnaire (14% men, 83.6% women). Of the total sample, 25.4% reported having moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety, while 20.8% reported having moderate to severe symptoms of depression. Our path analysis model suggested that while self-efficacy did not directly affect anxiety, it had an impact on resilience, thereby reducing anxiety symptoms. The participants who were 71 years old or older had lower anxiety levels than their younger counterparts did. We also confirmed that work might serve as a protective factor against anxiety. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of resilience, self-efficacy, and working later in life to promote well-being and successful aging.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).