Stress, Burnout, Contributions, and Coping Mechanisms of Community Pharmacists in Puerto Rico during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate perceived stress and burnout among community pharmacists and to explore their coping mechanisms and perceived contributions. Methods: A cross-sectional study among pharmacists in Puerto Rico was conducted during the COVID-19 Pandemic using Cohen’s 10-item Perceived Stress Scale and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Open-ended questions explored pharmacists’ contributions and coping mechanisms. The survey was distributed via the Puerto Rico Pharmacist Association listserv, social media, and professional chats. Results: A total of 193 pharmacists were included in the analysis. Eighty-five responded to the open-ended questions, and 150 responded to the 2 scales. Most of the participants were women (82%) with a mean age of 45 years. The mean perceived stress score was 22.0 ± 6.6, indicating moderate stress levels. While 46.7% exhibited moderate burnout, 25.3% showed high burnout. Female pharmacists had higher stress than male pharmacists (22.61 vs. 18.56, P < .05). Pharmacists working in chain pharmacies had higher stress and burnout levels compared to those working in independent pharmacies (24.40 vs. 20.48 and 46.87 vs. 40.24, respectively; P < .05). Pharmacists’ greatest contributions during the pandemic were ensuring continuity of care and providing pharmaceutical services and education. Although they experienced a sense of underappreciation, coping mechanisms and institutional adaptation strategies helped them overcome the broader challenges of the pandemic. Conclusion: Community pharmacists, particularly those in chain pharmacies and those who were female, reported moderate stress and moderate–high burnout. It is necessary to explore the reasons for these disparities. This study highlights the importance of allocating resources to improve and protect the wellbeing of pharmacists.